The Caux Round Table
In a world which is experiencing profound transformations, the Caux Round Table of business leaders from Europe, Japan and the United States is committed to energizing the role of business and industry as a vital force for innovative global change.
The Round Table was founded in 1986 by Frederik Philips, former President of Philips Electronics, and Olivier Giscard d'Estaing, Vice-Chairman of INSEAD, as a means of reducing escalating trade tensions. It is concerned with the development of constructive economic and social relationships between the participants'countries, and with their urgent joint responsibilities toward the rest of the world. At the urging of Ryuzaburo Kaku, Chairman of Canon Inc., the Round Table has focused attention on the importance of global corporate responsibility in reducing social and economic threats to world peace and stability.
The Round Table recognizes that shared leadership is indispensable to a revitalized and more harmonious world. It emphasizes the development of continuing friendship, understanding and cooperation, based on a common respect for the highest moral values and on responsible action by individuals in their own spheres of influence.
Introduction
The Caux Round Table believes that the world business community should play an important role in improving economic and social conditions. As a statement of aspirations, this document aims to express a world standard against which business behavior can be measured. We seek to begin a process that identifies shared values, reconciles differing values, and thereby develops a shared perspective on business behavior acceptable to and honored by all.
These principles are rooted in two basic ethical ideals: kyosei and human dignity. The Japanese concept of kyosei means living and working together for the common good - enabling cooperation and mutual prosperity to coexist with healthy and fair competition. "Human dignity" refers to the sacredness or value of each person as an end, not simply as a means to the fulfillment of others'purposes or even majority prescription.
The General Principles in Section 2 seek to clarify the spirit of kyosei and "human dignity," while the specific Stakeholder Principles in Section 3 are concerned with their practical application.
In its language and form, the document owes a substantial debt to The Minnesota Prineゆles, a statement of business behavior developed by the Minnesota Center for Corporate Responsibility. The Center hosted and chaired the drafting committee, which included Japanese, European, and U.S. representatives.
Business behavior can affect relationships among nations and the prosperity and well-being of us all. Business is often the first contact between nations and, by the way in which it causes social and economic changes, has a significant impact on the level of fear or confidence felt by people worldwide. Members of the Caux Round Table place their first emphasis on putting one's own house in order, and on seeking to establish what is right rather than who is right.
Section 1 • Preamble
The mobility of employment, capital, products and technology is making business increasingly global in its transactions and its effects. Laws and market forces are necessary but insufficient guides for conduct. Responsibility for the policies and actions of business and respect for the dignity and interests of its stakeholders are fundamental.
Shared values, including a commitment to shared prosperity, are as important for a global community as for communities of smaller scale. For these reasons, and because business can be a powerful agent of positive social change, we offer the following principles as a foundation for dialogue and action by business leaders in search of business responsibility. In so doing, we affirm the necessity for moral values in business decision making.
Without them, stable business relationships and a sustainable world community are impossible.
Section 2. General Principles
Principle 1. The Responsibilities Of Businesses: Beyond Shareholders Toward Stakeholders
The value of a business to society is the wealth and employment it creates and the marketable products and services it provides to consumers at a reasonable price commensurate with quality. To create such value, a business must maintain its own economic health and viability, but survival is not a sufficient goal.
Businesses have a role to play in improving the lives of all their customers, employees, and shareholders by sharing with them the wealth they have created. Suppliers and competitors as well should expect businesses to honor their obligations in a spirit of honesty and fairness. As responsible citizens of the local, national, regional and global communities in which they operate, businesses share a part in shaping the future of those communities.
Principle 2. The Economic and Social Impact of Business: Toward Innovation, Justice and World Community
Businesses established in foreign countries to develop, produce or sell should also contribute to the social advancement of those countries by creating productive employment and helping to raise the purchasing power of their citizens. Businesses also should contribute to human rights, education, welfare, and vitalization of the countries in which they operate.
Businesses should contribute to economic and social development not only in the countries in which they operate, but also in the world community at large, through effective and prudent use of resources, free and fair competition, and emphasis upon innovation in technology, production methods, marketing and communications.
Principle 3. Business Behavior: Beyond the Letter of Law Toward a Spirit of Trust
While accepting the legitimacy of trade secrets, businesses should recognize that sincerity, candor, truthfulness, the keeping of promises, and transparency contribute not only to their own credibility and stability but also to the smoothness and efficiency of business transactions, particularly on the international level.
Principle 4. Respect for Rules
To avoid trade frictions and to promote freer trade, equal conditions for competition, and fair and equitable treatment for all participants , businesses should respect international and domestic rules. In addition , they should recognize that some behavior, although legal, may still have adverse consequences.
Principle 5. Support for Multilateral Trade
Businesses should support the multilateral trade systems of the GATT /World Trade Organization and similar international agreements. They should cooperate in efforts to promote the progressive and judicious liberalization of trade and to relax those domestic measures that unreasonably hinder global commerce, while giving due respect to national policy objectives.
Principle 6. Respect for the Environment
A business should protect and, where possible, improve the environment, promote sustainable development, and prevent the wasteful use of natural resources.
Principle 7. Avoidance of Illicit Operations
A business should not participate in or condone bribery, money laundering, or other corrupt practices: indeed, it should seek cooperation with others to eliminate them. It should not trade in arms or other materials used for terrorist activities, drug traffic or other organized crime.
Section 3. Stakeholder Principles: Customers
We believe in treating all customers with dignity, irrespective of whether they purchase our products and services directly from us or otherwise acquire them in the market. We therefore have a responsibility to:
◆ provide our customers with the highest quality products and services consistent with their requirements;
◆ treat our customers fairly in all aspects of our business transactions, including a high level of service and remedies for their dissatisfaction; make every effort to ensure that the health and safety of our customers, as well as the quality of their environment, will be sustained or enhanced by our products and services;
◆ assure respect for human dignity in products offered, marketing, and advertising; and
◆ respect the integrity of the culture of our customers.
Employees
We believe in the dignity of every employee and in taking employee interests seriously. We therefore have a responsibility to:
◆ provide jobs and compensation that improve workers' living conditions;
◆ provide working conditions that respect each employee's health and dignity;
◆ be honest in communications with employees and open in sharing information, limited only by legal and competitive constraints;
◆ listen to and, where possible, act on employee suggestions, ideas, requests and complaints;
◆ engage in good faith negotiations when conflict arises;
◆ avoid discriminatory practices and guarantee equal treatment and opportunity in areas such as gender, age, race and religion;
◆ promote in the business itself the employment of differently abled people in places of work where they can be genuinely useful;
◆ protect employees from avoidable injury and illness in the workplace;
◆ encourage and assist employees in developing relevant and transferable skills and knowledge; and
◆ be sensitive to the serious unemployment problems frequently associated with business decisions, and work with governments, employee groups, other agencies and each other in addressing these dislocations.
Owners / Investors
We believe in honoring the trust our investors place in us. We therefore have a responsibility to:
◆ apply professional and diligent management in order to secure a fair and competitive return on our owners'investment;
◆ disclose relevant information to owners/investors subject only to legal requirements and competitive constraints;
◆ conserve , protect and increase the owners/investors'assets; and respect owners/investors 'requests, suggestions, complaints, and formal resolutions.
Suppliers
Our relationship with suppliers and subcontractors must be based on mutual respect. We therefore have a responsibility to:
◆ seek fairness and truthfulness in all our activities, including pricing, licensing , and rights to sell;
◆ ensure that our business activities are free from coercion and unnecessary litigation;
◆ foster long-term stability in the supplier relationship in return for value, quality, competitiveness and reliability;
◆ share information with suppliers and integrate them into our planning processes;
◆ pay suppliers on time and in accordance with agreed terms of trade; and
◆ seek, encourage and prefer suppliers and subcontractors whose employment practices respect human dignity.
Competitors
We believe that fair economic competition is one of the basic requirements for increasing the wealth of nations and ultimately for making possible the just distribution of goods and services. We therefore have a responsibility to:
◆ foster open markets for trade and investment;
◆ promote competitive behavior that is socially and environmentally beneficial and demonstrates mutual respect among competitors;
◆ refrain from either seeking or participating in questionable payments or favors to secure competitive advantages;
◆ respect both tangible and intellectual property rights; and
◆ refuse to acquire commercial information by dishonest or unethical means, such as industrial espionage.
Communities
We believe that as global corporate citizens we can contribute to such forces of reform and human rights as are at work in the communities in which we operate. We therefore have a responsibility in those communities to:
◆ respect human rights and democratic institutions, and promote them wherever practicable;
◆ recognize government's legitimate obligation to the society at large and support public policies and practices that promote human development through harmonious relations between business and other segments of society;
◆ collaborate with those forces in the community dedicated to raising standards of health, education, workplace safety and economic well-being;
◆ promote and stimulate sustainable development and play a leading role in preserving and enhancing the physical environment and conserving the earth's resources;
◆ support peace, security, diversity and social integration;
◆ respect the integrity of local cultures; and
◆ be a good corporate citizen through charitable donations, educational and cultural contributions, and employee participation in community and civic affairs.
July 1994
Caux Round Table Steering Committee:
Friedrich Baur, President, MST GmbH, Formerly Member of Executive Board, Siemens AG, Germany; John Charlton, Managing Director, The Chase Manhattan Bank, USA; Neville Cooper, Chairman, The Top Management Partnership , Ltd., Formerly Executive Director STCand Vice President , ITI (U.K.), United Kingdom; Charles M. Denny, Jr. , Formerly Chairmanand CEO,ADC Telecommunications , Inc., USA; Jean-Loup Dherse, (Chairman, cRn Consult -and , Formerly Vice President , World Bank, France; Olivier Giscard D'Estaing, Vice Chairman, INSEAD, France; Walter E. Hoadley, (P'ast Chairman, CRわSenior Research Fellow, Hoover Institution , Formerly Executive Vice President and Chief Economist, Bank of America ,USA; Ryuz:aburo Kaku, Chairman, Canon Inc. ,Japan; Morihisa Kaneko,Assistant Senior Counsellor, Tokyo Area, Corporate Overseas Management Division , Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. , Ltd. ,Japan; Toshiaki Ogasawara, President Nifco , Inc. , Chairman and Publi sher, The Japan Times,Japan. Other Participants between 1986 and 1994 Include:
From Europe:
Alfredo Ambrosetti, Chairman,Ambrosetti Group ; Maurice Amiel, President, Timken, (Europe ,Africa & West Asia) ; Richard Burke, President , Canon Foundation Europe; John Cox, Director General, Chemical Industries Association ; Reinhard Fischer, President, BLANCO GmbH & Co. KG*; Sergio Giuliani, Chairman, Ciba Gei~Italy Group; Peter Huggler, President , Interallianz Bank Zurich AG*; Frederik J. Phi ips , Formerly President, Philips Electronics ; Kurt Schips, Member of the Supervisory Board, Robert Bosch GmbH; Friedrich Schock, President, Schock & Co.; Klaus-Heinrich Standke, President , Ost West Wirtschafts Akademie; Gerrit A. Wagner, Formerly President , Royal Dutch Petroleum Co.
From Japan:
Gentaro Endo, Chairman, Gunze Limited ; Yoshikaz:u Hanawa, Executive Vice President, Nissan Motor Co. ; Shigeichiro Kanamori, President, Kintetsu Corporation ; Saburo Kawai, Formerly Vice Chairman and President , Keizai Doyukai (Association of Corporate Executives) ; Hisaya Nara, President, Mitsubishi Research Institute Inc.; Noboru Okamura, Formerly Chairman, Honda Motor Co. Ltd.; Masanori Oz:eki, President, Railway Technical Research Institute ; Sakae Shimizu, Senior Advisor, Toshiba Corporation; Yoshiteru Sumitomo,Advisor, Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. ; Setsuya Tabuchi, Formerly Chairman,The Nomura Securities Co. Ltd. ; Tamotsu Takase, Professor, Faculty of Law, Tokai University, Formerly official of GAIT; Yoshio Terasawa, Minister of Stat e, Economic Planning Agency, Formerly Executive Vice President , MIGA (Multilateral Inve stment Guarantee Agency); Toshihiko Yamashita, Executive Advisor & Formerly President, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd.; Kyohei Yokose, Director and Formerly Chairman, Sumitomo Rubber Industries .
From USA:
Stephen R. Braswell, President, Investment Services Group, Prudential Insurance Company ofAmerica;Owen B. Butler,Retired Chairman of the Board,The Procter & Gamble Co.*; Weldon B. Gibson, Sr. , Director, SRI International ; Robert N. Gurnitz, President & CEO, Northwestern Steel and Wire Co. ; Harry A. Hammerly, Executive Vice President , 3M Company; Thomas E. Holloran, Professor of Management, University of St . Thomas, Formerly President , Medtronic , Inc.; Ronald James, Vice President & CEO-Minnesota, US West Communications; Garnett L. Keith, Jr. , Vice Chairman, Prudential Insurance Company of America; Robert MacGregor, President , Minnesota Center for Corporate Responsibility; James A.F. Montgomery, Formerly Chairman & CEO, PANAM World Services ; Roger Parkinson, Publisher and CEO, The Globe and Mail, Formerly President and Publisher, Minneapolis-St 和ul Star Tribune; William A. Pearce, President & CEO, IDS Mutual Fund Grout Borge R. Reimer, Executive Vice President, Dana Corporation; Francis X. Stanard, Chairman, Chase Manhattan Capital Markets Corporation*; Winston R. Wallin, Chairman of the Board, Medtronic, Inc.
* Position held at the time of initial participation.
